initial torque meaning in English

初始扭矩
起动转矩

Using quaternion as attitude representation , the attitude kinematics function is established . 2 . several kinds of disturbance torques affecting the satellite attitude are directly computed through the models described in the paper , forming a closed loop stabilization system dumped by magnetic torques and provided with initial torques through flywheels , but other simulations only estimate it by experience
( 2 )很多仿真是根据经验估算卫星所受的干扰力矩，本文以某对地观测小卫星为背景，利用所建力学模型对卫星所受数种干扰力矩进行计算，形成了一个以飞轮作为主动力矩、通过磁力矩卸载的闭环而且稳定的姿态控制系统。
This controller has some advantages : when the initial error is large , the pd feedback part plays main role , and it avoids too large initial torque output ; when the initial error is small , the adaptive part plays main role , such guarantee the system has good dynamic character
该控制策略的优点在于当初始误差较大时， pd反馈部分起主要作用，而非线性pd的采用又避免了过大初始力矩输出；当误差较小时，自适应控制器起主要作用，从而保证了系统具有良好的动态性能。